{"id":111,"date":"2024-01-19T16:22:08","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T16:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/?page_id=111"},"modified":"2026-07-30T15:48:59","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T15:48:59","slug":"ways-of-working","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/ways-of-working\/","title":{"rendered":"Ways of working"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;min-height:150px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-palette-color-1-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-palette-color-3-color has-text-color has-x-large-font-size\" id=\"ways-of-working\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;letter-spacing:1px\"><strong>Ways of Working<\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\"><br>The breakdown of the I-ASC explanatory model shows a range of factors that should be considered in AAC decision making. Ways of working define a range of service structures and team processes that potentially influence the way decisions are made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/321\/sites\/346\/2026\/07\/I-ASC-Model-Still-2-scaled.png\" alt=\"The 'Ways of working' ball is highlighted within the 'Cultural and contextual influencers' section of the I-ASC Explanatory Model of AAC decision making.\" class=\"wp-image-468\" style=\"width:533px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/321\/sites\/346\/2026\/07\/I-ASC-Model-Still-2-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/321\/sites\/346\/2026\/07\/I-ASC-Model-Still-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/321\/sites\/346\/2026\/07\/I-ASC-Model-Still-2-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/321\/sites\/346\/2026\/07\/I-ASC-Model-Still-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/321\/sites\/346\/2026\/07\/I-ASC-Model-Still-2-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/321\/sites\/346\/2026\/07\/I-ASC-Model-Still-2-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/321\/sites\/346\/2026\/07\/I-ASC-Model-Still-2-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"t\">The elements that make up &#8216;Ways of working&#8217; are explained below <br>&#8211; click on each heading to learn more<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size\"><em>Please note: In this section, the term \u201cchild\u201d is used broadly and may refer to an AAC user of any age. <em><em>The original study was conducted with children and young people, however we have had considerable feedback that with a little modification of the content provided, there is relevance to individuals across their lifespan. We encourage you to consider minor adaptations to better suit your\u00a0context.\u00a0<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tBalancing decisions\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-ba438a568cdd4736f0a68fc94191790b\">This refers to the process of deciding which&nbsp;elements&nbsp;of an AAC system matter most for an individual&nbsp;child and&nbsp;making any necessary&nbsp;trade\u2011offs&nbsp;to reach a final choice. The findings show that&nbsp;the choices made&nbsp;are strongly shaped by&nbsp;contextual factors such&nbsp;as service structures, team composition, how support is delivered, and the team\u2019s level of AAC knowledge.<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5e0311dabc3d7f61ed542f6bb9e75022\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>Family needs should be included when making AAC decisions. To help the child learn and build skills, make sure they have access to&nbsp;good\u2011quality&nbsp;communication opportunities.&nbsp;If a decision is made to choose an AAC system that is easier for adults to support&nbsp;even if another system would suit the child better,&nbsp;everyone involved should clearly understand why that compromise was made.&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21f68510479e7168b50c0e1c28fd3857\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>Plan ahead&nbsp;for changes in staff or in the child\u2019s circumstances so there is always someone who can&nbsp;maintain&nbsp;the system, update it, and model AAC language.&nbsp;It\u2019s&nbsp;also important to be clear about why the child has been referred for AAC support. For example, updating an old system requires a different assessment process than supporting a child who is new to AAC.&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tBasis for the referral\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-898d5a9638fbf505f1cc20b744f60979\">This refers to why a child is being referred for an AAC assessment and how that referral information shapes the decisions made during the recommendation process.<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ca72d5280bbf6b9825ba351f4da833ad\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>It is&nbsp;important to understand why a child is being referred for AAC support before planning the assessment.&nbsp;Different reasons&nbsp;for referral (such as updating an old system or assessing a child who is new to AAC) require different approaches. Make sure all relevant information is included in the referral so the assessment can be planned properly.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8b86bb4e94831c5f409d959075150566\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>If specialised AAC services require children to show certain skills before they can access support, there must be alternative pathways to help children build those skills when they&nbsp;don\u2019t&nbsp;yet meet the criteria.&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tExtraneous factors\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-5e1939d8264fdaa653fce340f612de13\">Some decisions are shaped by factors outside the&nbsp;assessment itself. These can include how easy it is to access services, how aware people are of their rights, or unexpected events that happen by chance. The findings show that these outside influences often unpredictable&nbsp;or&nbsp;unrelated can still affect the AAC&nbsp;decision\u2011making&nbsp;process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fd790f7a7c9779413b16a2e2454e5c9c\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>Be clear about how outside factors may influence AAC decisions. For example, a child\u2019s school placement or the service delivery model can shape what is recommended. When these factors have too much influence, look for ways to reduce&nbsp;their impact. If distance makes it hard for a child to reach an assessment centre, consider&nbsp;telehealth options to&nbsp;ensure fair access.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c51e64f62034e4ae00dac8a2ee7cb6da\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>Be aware when&nbsp;limited resources are&nbsp;shaping&nbsp;the&nbsp;decisions&nbsp;made and where possible&nbsp;adjust the recommendation process so it better reflects what the child&nbsp;needs, rather than what the service currently has available.&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tHow decisions are made\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-bc758cbdac21bb1961039e714f2a50f3\">This describes how decisions are made and considers the processes used to make decisions within the AAC system recommendation. Findings suggest that the way services are organised and the work methods used may have a considerable impact on recommendation processes.<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c7cbd98752ea3cbcf5d719e1f2c72a51\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>Be careful not to make AAC recommendations without the essential information you need, especially a clear picture of the child\u2019s language and communication skills.&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57b0726ada896beb079140f51904ea83\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>Be open about how decisions are made. When everyone understands the reasoning&nbsp;including the child and&nbsp;family,&nbsp;it&nbsp;supports better teamwork and shared&nbsp;decision\u2011making. Communication aid trial plans should always be based on a solid,&nbsp;evidence\u2011based&nbsp;rationale.&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tInformation brokering\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-8482a451fc6b627b139425a4bdbfcbf9\">This refers to how information is shared between the different people and services involved in AAC&nbsp;decision\u2011making. The findings show that barriers between sectors such as health and education can make it difficult to access all the information needed. When this happens, decisions often&nbsp;have to&nbsp;be made using only the information that is available, rather than the information that would ideally be gathered, which can affect the&nbsp;final outcome.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8cc524642989b4caafac8dd67c643dd5\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>Avoid information gaps during AAC assessment by working creatively and collaboratively. When gaps cannot be avoided, clearly record them so everyone understands the limits of the information being used.&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d56acb99a63d813b09289052ab89d736\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>If different services or professional groups share responsibility for assessment and gathering information, develop strong collaborative practices to ensure information flows smoothly and supports good decision\u2011making.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tInheriting decisions\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-516cac6e03f83fde13ceba247e97547a\">This describes how earlier decisions can shape later ones. The findings show that the first communication aid chosen often influences what is recommended next. Because of this, early decisions need extra care, as they can affect the child\u2019s future AAC options.<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9be9c42f3fb2999a3d6e93abbcd25be5\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>Inherited decisions can have both positive and negative effects. The positives include building on the learning already invested in a particular communication method. The negatives include limiting the&nbsp;language development options&nbsp;that might&nbsp;better&nbsp;suit the child&nbsp;or young person.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d264bd93457780e232035354d5d3d370\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p>When making AAC recommendations, try to keep the child\u2019s and family\u2019s existing learning and familiarity with their current symbols or communication methods. Only recommend a change when there is a strong reason to do so.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tPolicy\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-40c25b5c556483be321ed788c2d724dc\">This refers to any policies that influence access to AAC service support and funding. The findings suggest considerable variability in local interpretation of national policy and guidance.<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b3c810a5c099ae7e1c38d38d5ed6beca\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Clicky link to Policy and legislation page to be inserted<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Insert RCSLT AAC Guidelines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tRoles and responsibilities\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-40c888fa37889c62804d4950b1eda9d0\">This refers to understanding who&nbsp;is responsible for&nbsp;each part of the communication aid recommendation process. The findings suggest that roles are not always clearly defined, which can lead to confusion, disagreements, or unrealistic expectations between team members.<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8730052745ff02dfac875bc2d18b3e6c\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Everyone involved needs a shared understanding of their roles and responsibilities, including families. Clear role clarity is essential for effective AAC&nbsp;decision\u2011making&nbsp;and helps ensure that each person contributes meaningfully to the process.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p><\/p><p><span style=\"background-color: transparent\">Be ready to&nbsp;problem\u2011solve&nbsp;when barriers to teamwork or information gaps arise. Strengthening collaboration helps&nbsp;maintain&nbsp;a&nbsp;child\u2011centred&nbsp;process. When team members&nbsp;cannot meet in person to make decisions, creative solutions such as&nbsp;virtual platforms&nbsp;can support effective joint working.<\/span><\/p><p><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tService delivery model\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-b0f97bffa387ac5abd96f180e7ffe92c\">This looks at how a service is organised and delivered, and how that affects the resources and support available to a child. It includes things like the service delivery model, how teams are set up, and how communication aids are recommended. AAC services can be organised in&nbsp;many different ways, and the findings show that these different models can strongly influence the recommendation process.<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fcef2ff891d103fd6273726595a645d5\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Be&nbsp;mindful&nbsp;about where AAC recommendations are made. Whenever possible, carry out parts of the process in the child\u2019s everyday settings, where they naturally communicate.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p><\/p><p><span style=\"background-color: transparent\">Be ready to&nbsp;problem\u2011solve&nbsp;when barriers to teamwork or information gaps arise. Strengthening collaboration helps&nbsp;maintain&nbsp;a&nbsp;child\u2011centred&nbsp;process. When team members&nbsp;cannot meet in person to make decisions, creative solutions such as&nbsp;virtual platforms&nbsp;can support effective joint working.<\/span><\/p><p><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c49b829d6d201253b10d2c0c4c2b26c1\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p><span style=\"background-color: transparent\">Keep the available&nbsp;timeframe&nbsp;in mind.&nbsp;This may be prescribed by the service delivery model (e.g. a set number of appointments). Shorter timeframes may warrant&nbsp;more comprehensive information gathering processes in advance of any&nbsp;decision making&nbsp;appointment.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83dad0c88bc93cc841fde18c78aee99d\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Communication s<span style=\"background-color: transparent;font-size: revert\">ystem trials strongly shape final decisions. Make sure trials are&nbsp;properly planned, well supported, and long enough for the child to engage fully. This gives the best possible information to guide the final recommendation&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<details\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-details has-large-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-caret\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<summary\n\t\t\t\t background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);  style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-11, #ffd85d);\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\tTeam theory\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"icon icon-caret\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\"><path d=\"M310.6 246.6l-127.1 128C176.4 380.9 168.2 384 160 384s-16.38-3.125-22.63-9.375l-127.1-128C.2244 237.5-2.516 223.7 2.438 211.8S19.07 192 32 192h255.1c12.94 0 24.62 7.781 29.58 19.75S319.8 237.5 310.6 246.6z\"\/><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>What does this term mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-6040349b02138a2f242bdb98618e4ad6\">This looks at the AAC theories that may shape how decisions are made. The findings show that many people&nbsp;rely on&nbsp;<strong>implicit frameworks<\/strong>&nbsp;ideas and models they have learned over time even if they are not&nbsp;stated&nbsp;openly. These frameworks come from&nbsp;AAC and&nbsp;assistive\u2011technology&nbsp;models,&nbsp;education and&nbsp;training, and the&nbsp;person\u2019s own experience.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\" style=\"gap: 2px\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-10, #f48822)\">\n\t\t\t\tThings to consider\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5dc667e8138d1bdcbe8d468e2eeb3cf4\" style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">Teamwork improves when everyone shares an understanding of the models, ideas, and philosophies that guide their decision-making. Having time to work together, build relationships, and develop positive team dynamics also strengthens role clarity and supports better collaboration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li style=\"margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><p><\/p><p><span style=\"background-color: transparent\">Be aware that people often use implicit&nbsp;frameworks&nbsp; ideas&nbsp;they rely on without&nbsp;stating&nbsp;them to help manage the many competing factors involved in AAC decisions. While these can be helpful, they may also unintentionally exclude others from the process.&nbsp;Explaining the steps in the&nbsp;decision\u2011making&nbsp;process in a clear and straightforward way helps everyone join the discussion and take part meaningfully.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t<details class=\"wp-block-details has-medium-font-size is-layout-block is-icon-arrow\">\n\t\t\t<summary style=\"background-color: var(--theme-palette-color-12, #28bdd2)\">\n\t\t\t\tTools and materials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a709712a wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-palette-color-3-color has-palette-color-10-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">Reading list to learn more<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-093da601 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ce155fab wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-c124d1c4 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-palette-color-3-color has-palette-color-12-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">Return to I-ASC Model and Materials<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The breakdown of the I-ASC explanatory model shows a range of factors that should be considered in AAC decision making. Ways of working define a range of service structures and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30020,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ways of working - IASC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/satellite.mmu.ac.uk\/iasc\/ways-of-working\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ways of working - IASC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The breakdown of the I-ASC explanatory model shows a range of factors that should be considered in AAC decision making. 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